This paper presents an accurate, highly efficient, and learning-free method for large-scale odometry estimation using spinning radar, empirically found to generalize well across very diverse environments -- outdoors, from urban to woodland, and indoors in warehouses and mines - without changing parameters. Our method integrates motion compensation within a sweep with one-to-many scan registration that minimizes distances between nearby oriented surface points and mitigates outliers with a robust loss function. Extending our previous approach CFEAR, we present an in-depth investigation on a wider range of data sets, quantifying the importance of filtering, resolution, registration cost and loss functions, keyframe history, and motion compensation. We present a new solving strategy and configuration that overcomes previous issues with sparsity and bias, and improves our state-of-the-art by 38%, thus, surprisingly, outperforming radar SLAM and approaching lidar SLAM. The most accurate configuration achieves 1.09% error at 5Hz on the Oxford benchmark, and the fastest achieves 1.79% error at 160Hz.

软件体系结构定义了大型计算系统的蓝图，因此是设计和开发工作的关键部分。在移动机器人的背景下，对此任务进行了广泛的探索，从而导致了大量参考设计和实现。由于软件体系结构定义了实现所有组件的框架，因此自然是移动机器人系统的一个非常重要的方面。在本章中，我们概述了特定问题域（移动机器人系统）对软件框架强加的要求。我们讨论了一些当前的设计解决方案，提供了有关共同框架的历史观点，并概述了未来发展的方向。

传感器是将物理参数或环境特征（例如温度，距离，速度等）转换为可以通过数字测量和处理以执行特定任务的信号的设备。移动机器人需要传感器来测量其环境的属性，从而允许安全导航，复杂的感知和相应的动作以及与填充环境的其他代理的有效相互作用。移动机器人使用的传感器范围从简单的触觉传感器（例如保险杠）到复杂的基于视觉的传感器，例如结构化灯相机。所有这些都提供了可以由机器人计算机处理的数字输出（例如，字符串，一组值，矩阵等）。通常通过使用传感器中包含的数字转换器（ADC）的类似物来离散一个或多个模拟电信号来获得此类输出。在本章中，我们介绍了移动机器人技术中最常见的传感器，并提供了其分类法，基本特征和规格的介绍。对功能和应用程序类型的描述遵循一种自下而上的方法：在描述现实世界传感器之前，介绍了传感器所基于的基本原理和组件，这些传感器通常基于多种技术和基本设备。

Riemannian geometry provides powerful tools to explore the latent space of generative models while preserving the inherent structure of the data manifold. Lengths, energies and volume measures can be derived from a pullback metric, defined through the immersion that maps the latent space to the data space. With this in mind, most generative models are stochastic, and so is the pullback metric. Manipulating stochastic objects is strenuous in practice. In order to perform operations such as interpolations, or measuring the distance between data points, we need a deterministic approximation of the pullback metric. In this work, we are defining a new metric as the expected length derived from the stochastic pullback metric. We show this metric is Finslerian, and we compare it with the expected pullback metric. In high dimensions, we show that the metrics converge to each other at a rate of $\mathcal{O}\left(\frac{1}{D}\right)$.

Insects as pollinators play a key role in ecosystem management and world food production. However, insect populations are declining, calling for a necessary global demand of insect monitoring. Existing methods analyze video or time-lapse images of insects in nature, but the analysis is challenging since insects are small objects in complex and dynamic scenes of natural vegetation. The current paper provides a dataset of primary honeybees visiting three different plant species during two months of summer-period. The dataset consists of more than 700,000 time-lapse images from multiple cameras, including more than 100,000 annotated images. The paper presents a new method pipeline for detecting insects in time-lapse RGB-images. The pipeline consists of a two-step process. Firstly, the time-lapse RGB-images are preprocessed to enhance insects in the images. We propose a new prepossessing enhancement method: Motion-Informed-enhancement. The technique uses motion and colors to enhance insects in images. The enhanced images are subsequently fed into a Convolutional Neural network (CNN) object detector. Motion-Informed-enhancement improves the deep learning object detectors You Only Look Once (YOLO) and Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN). Using Motion-Informed-enhancement the YOLO-detector improves average micro F1-score from 0.49 to 0.71, and the Faster R-CNN-detector improves average micro F1-score from 0.32 to 0.56 on the our dataset. Our datasets are published on: https://vision.eng.au.dk/mie/

In today's uncertain and competitive market, where enterprises are subjected to increasingly shortened product life-cycles and frequent volume changes, reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) applications play a significant role in the manufacturing industry's success. Despite the advantages offered by RMS, achieving a high-efficiency degree constitutes a challenging task for stakeholders and decision-makers when they face the trade-off decisions inherent in these complex systems. This study addresses work tasks and resource allocations to workstations together with buffer capacity allocation in RMS. The aim is to simultaneously maximize throughput and minimize total buffer capacity under fluctuating production volumes and capacity changes while considering the stochastic behavior of the system. An enhanced simulation-based multi-objective optimization (SMO) approach with customized simulation and optimization components is proposed to address the abovementioned challenges. Apart from presenting the optimal solutions subject to volume and capacity changes, the proposed approach support decision-makers with discovered knowledge to further understand the RMS design. In particular, this study presents a problem-specific customized SMO combined with a novel flexible pattern mining method for optimizing RMS and conducting post-optimal analyzes. To this extent, this study demonstrates the benefits of applying SMO and knowledge discovery methods for fast decision-support and production planning of RMS.

Adaptation-relevant predictions of climate change are often derived by combining climate models in a multi-model ensemble. Model evaluation methods used in performance-based ensemble weighting schemes have limitations in the context of high-impact extreme events. We introduce a locally time-invariant model evaluation method with focus on assessing the simulation of extremes. We explore the behaviour of the proposed method in predicting extreme heat days in Nairobi.

Biological cortical networks are potentially fully recurrent networks without any distinct output layer, where recognition may instead rely on the distribution of activity across its neurons. Because such biological networks can have rich dynamics, they are well-designed to cope with dynamical interactions of the types that occur in nature, while traditional machine learning networks may struggle to make sense of such data. Here we connected a simple model neuronal network (based on the 'linear summation neuron model' featuring biologically realistic dynamics (LSM), consisting of 10 of excitatory and 10 inhibitory neurons, randomly connected) to a robot finger with multiple types of force sensors when interacting with materials of different levels of compliance. Scope: to explore the performance of the network on classification accuracy. Therefore, we compared the performance of the network output with principal component analysis of statistical features of the sensory data as well as its mechanical properties. Remarkably, even though the LSM was a very small and untrained network, and merely designed to provide rich internal network dynamics while the neuron model itself was highly simplified, we found that the LSM outperformed these other statistical approaches in terms of accuracy.

Recent 3D-based manipulation methods either directly predict the grasp pose using 3D neural networks, or solve the grasp pose using similar objects retrieved from shape databases. However, the former faces generalizability challenges when testing with new robot arms or unseen objects; and the latter assumes that similar objects exist in the databases. We hypothesize that recent 3D modeling methods provides a path towards building digital replica of the evaluation scene that affords physical simulation and supports robust manipulation algorithm learning. We propose to reconstruct high-quality meshes from real-world point clouds using state-of-the-art neural surface reconstruction method (the Real2Sim step). Because most simulators take meshes for fast simulation, the reconstructed meshes enable grasp pose labels generation without human efforts. The generated labels can train grasp network that performs robustly in the real evaluation scene (the Sim2Real step). In synthetic and real experiments, we show that the Real2Sim2Real pipeline performs better than baseline grasp networks trained with a large dataset and a grasp sampling method with retrieval-based reconstruction. The benefit of the Real2Sim2Real pipeline comes from 1) decoupling scene modeling and grasp sampling into sub-problems, and 2) both sub-problems can be solved with sufficiently high quality using recent 3D learning algorithms and mesh-based physical simulation techniques.

我们提出了一种拓扑优化的样品深度学习策略。我们的端到端方法受到监督，包括基于物理学的预处理和模棱两可的网络。我们分析了深度学习管道的不同组成部分如何通过大规模比较影响所需的培训样品的数量。结果表明，包括物理概念不仅会极大地提高样本效率，还可以提高预测的身体正确性。最后，我们发布了两个拓扑优化数据集，其中包含问题和相应的地面真相解决方案。我们相信这些数据集将提高该领域的可比性和未来进度。